interface of glass ionomer sealer and conditioned elephant tusk dentine: a scanning electron microscopy study

The purpose of this in vitro study was to characterize the interface of glass ionomer sealer and dentine conditioned with common endodontic irrigants through scanning electron microscope. The interface between Ketac-Cem radiopaque glass ionomer sealer and elephant tusk dentine conditioned with distilled water, citric acid and phosphoric acid was investigated. Cylinder of glass ionomer sealer was formed on the conditioned dentine surface and allowed to set for 60 minutes. The specimens were first shear tested to failure to determine their adhesive bond strength. Three debonded dentine specimens from each group were then processed for scanning electron microscopic study. The test failed surface of the strongest, intermediate and weakest bond strength specimens were examined. The specimens were cross sectioned and the interface was examined. The microscopic detail of the debonded interfaces between glass ionomer sealer and dentine was assessed in this study. Failures in all of the specimens were found to be mainly cohesive in nature

effect of salivation status and denture wearing on oral candidal activity of the patient

The objective of this study was to see the effect of salivation status on the oral candidal activity and also to see the effect of denture wearing/ non-wearing on the salivation status of the patient. In the methodology a cross sectional, comparative study during March-September 2007 was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar and Zoology Department, University of Peshawar [Pakistan]. Using a structured proforma, data were collected from 100 subjects [50 Denture wearers and 50 non denture wearers]. Stimulated salivary samples were collected and measured after vortex for 5 minutes from each subject. One ml of standard dilution saliva was mixed with 4ml sterile liquid Candida -selective medium. The extent of Candida activity was then determined, biochemically, through change in pH of the medium 24hrs after inoculation and incubation at 37 C. The results showed that 65% patients had normal salivation rate, as compared to 35% belonging to the hyposalivatory group. Among the denture wearers 52.3% were having normal salivation status and 45.7% having hyposalivation status. While among non-denture wearers 47.7% participants were having normal and 54.3% with hyposalivation status. Mean pH change in the normal salivation group was 1.2 +/- 1.0 as compared to 1.5 +/- 1.0 in the hyposalivation group. Association between the variable salivation level and candidal activities [average change in pH of the medium] was insignificant with p-value 0.73. Also association found between the case type [denture I non denture wearers] and salivation status of the patients was insignificant, having p-value 0.52. It was concluded that within the limitations of this study, the salivation status of the patients had an insignificant association with the oral candidal activity

Association of pathological activity of oral candida and denture wearing habit in denture wearers

To assess the effect of denture wearing on oral candidal activity through candida selective medium inoculated with standardized dilution salivary samples obtained from denture wearers. A cross sectional, comparative study during March-September 2007 was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar. Using a structured proforma, data were collected from 50 subjects [50 Denture wearers]. Stimulated salivary samples were collected from each subject. One ml of standard dilution saliva was mixed with 4ml sterile liquid candida -selective medium. The extent of candida activity was then determined, biochemically, through change in pH of the medium 24 hrs after inoculation and incubation at 37°C. Pathological candidal activity was seen in denture wearers. However, the association between the denture wearing habit and candidal activity was found significant, meaning that continuous denture wearing always showed a high pH change [t- value of 0.01] and mean pH decrease of 2.2 in continuous denture wearers as compare to 1.6 in only day time wearers. Beside this denture plaque score, type of dentures and denture hygiene maintenance was found to have insignificant association with the candida activity. Within the limits of this study, denture wearing significantly enhanced the pathogenic activity of oral candida. The importance of rest to denture supporting tissue is re-emphasized

Biochemically assessed pathological activity of oral candida in denture and non denture wearers

To assess the Candida activity through recording pH changes in Candida selective medium inoculated with standardized dilution salivary samples obtained from dentures wearers and non denture wearers. A Cross Sectional, Comparative study during March-September 2007 was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar and Zoology Department, University of Peshawar [Pakistan]. Using a structured proforma, data were collected from 100 subjects [50 DWs and 50 NDWs]. Stimulated salivary samples were collected from each subject. One ml of standard dilution saliva was mixed with 4 ml sterile liquid Candida-selective medium. The extent of Candida activity was then determined, biochemically, through change in pH of the medium 24 hrs after inoculation and incubation at 37°C. The influence of age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking habits, medication-use, oral-hygiene maintenance method, denture-plaque level, and level of salivary function was also investigated. Pathological Candida activity was seen both in DWs and NDWs. However, it was significantly higher in DWs [p value = 0.00] with mean pH decrease of 1.9 as compared to 0.8 in NDWs. Except age, the effect of gender, socioeconomic status, medications, oral hygiene maintenance on the oral Candida activity was insignificant both within and between groups. Not-with-standing the varying effect of other variables, denture-wearing significantly enhanced pathogenic activity of oral Candida. The importance of meticulous oral and denture hygiene maintenance and rest to denture-supporting tissues is re-emphasized